Cancer Protein Description
This report provides a detailed description of a selected cancer protein with information collected from various sources, including UniProt, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), and the Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.
| Protein Name: | KRAS |
| Gene Name: | KRAS |
| Protein Full Name: | GTPase KRas |
| Alias: | C-Ki-ras; C-K-ras; Ki-Ras; KRAS; K-Ras 2; KRAS2; RASK; RASK2 |
| Mass (Da): | 21656 |
| Number AA: | 189 |
| UniProt ID: | P01116; Q7KZ06; Q14015 |
| Locus ID: | 3845 |
| COSMIC ID: | KRAS |
| Gene location on chromosome: | 12p12.1 |
| Cancer protein type: | OP |
| Effect of cancer mutation on protein: | GAIN |
| Effect of active protein on cancer: | PROMOTES |
| Number of cancer specimens: | 164044 |
| Percent of cancer specimens with mutations: | 19.2 |
| General distribution of mutations: | Narrow |
| Location of most mutations: | One main region around AA 12 with a large number of point mutations and a few insertions and a signle deletion. |
| Commonly recorded point mutations: | G12D (11232); G12V (7621); G13D (4068); G12C (3759); G12A (1815); G12S (1518); Q61H (303) |
| Mutations observed as inherited: | NA |
| Found in amplified chromosomal regions in human cancers: | NA |
| Deregulated in translocations: | NA |
| Deregulated by viral insertion: | NA |
| Transduced into viral genome: | Kirsten murine sarcoma virus - Mouse |
| Gene undergoes hypermethylation: | NA |
| Normal role description: | KRAS is a monomeric G protein that plays an important role in cell proliferation through the Mek pathway. High expression of KRAS was associated with hyperproliferation in a Mek-dependent pathway in colonic epithelium and reduce cell differentiation. |
| Commentary on involvement of protein in cancer: | G12 - G12A in a colorectal cancer sample; somatic mutation. G12C in lung carcinoma; somatic mutation. G12D in pancreatic carcinoma, GASC and lung carcinoma; somatic mutation. G12R in lung cancer and bladder cancer; somatic mutation. G12S in lung carcinoma and GASC; somatic mutation. G12V in lung carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, colon cancer and GASC; somatic mutation. G13 - G12D in a breast carcinoma cell line and GASC; somatic mutation. G12 and G13 are located in the phosphate binding region for GTP, which is involved in its hydrolysis. Replacement of these glycines with any other residues lead to loss of hydrolysis. |