Cancer Protein Description
This report provides a detailed description of a selected cancer protein with information collected from various sources, including UniProt, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), and the Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.
| Protein Name: | LOX |
| Gene Name: | LOX |
| Protein Full Name: | Protein-lysine 6-oxidase |
| Alias: | LYOX; lysyl oxidase; protein-lysine 6-oxidase |
| Mass (Da): | 46944 |
| Number AA: | 417 |
| UniProt ID: | P28300; Q71V04 |
| Locus ID: | 4015 |
| COSMIC ID: | LOX |
| Gene location on chromosome: | 5q23.1; 5q23.2 |
| Cancer protein type: | OP/TSP |
| Effect of cancer mutation on protein: | UNCLEAR |
| Effect of active protein on cancer: | MIXED |
| Number of cancer specimens: | 19717 |
| Percent of cancer specimens with mutations: | 0.28 |
| Gene undergoes hypermethylation: | Gastric, colon, lung and ovarian cancer cell lines. Promoter methylation. |
| Normal role description: | LOX is an extracellular matrix enzyme important for cross-linking of collagen and elastin to stabilize collagen fibrils and elastin fibers. LOX catalyzes the deamination of lysine residues in proteins to form highly reactive aldehyde groups which facilitates cross-linking. Besides collagen and elastin, LOX can also target basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor beta and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b), to alter their function. LOX can also be expressed intracellular in the nucleus where it can oxidize histones to regulate chromatin compaction and gene transcription. The LOX gene is frequently downregulated or silenced by methylation in many cancers which would suggest a tumour suppressor role. LOX may contribute as a tumour suppressor through its targeting of histones to alter transcription. LOX has also been found to act as a oncogene through promoting metastasis of tumours to increase malignancy. As LOX is expressed both intra- and extracellularly the exact role of LOX in cancer is quite complex and will relate to the type and stage of cancer. |