Cancer Protein Description
This report provides a detailed description of a selected cancer protein with information collected from various sources, including UniProt, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), and the Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.
| Protein Name: | KDR |
| Gene Name: | KDR |
| Protein Full Name: | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
| Alias: | A type III receptor tyrosine kinase; CD309; EC 2.7.10.1; FLK1; Kinase insert domain receptor; Protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Flk-1; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; VEGFR; VEGFR2; VGFR2; VGR2 |
| Mass (Da): | 151527 |
| Number AA: | 1356 |
| UniProt ID: | P35968 |
| Locus ID: | 3791 |
| COSMIC ID: | KDR |
| Gene location on chromosome: | 4q11-q12 |
| Cancer protein type: | OP |
| Effect of cancer mutation on protein: | GAIN |
| Effect of active protein on cancer: | PROMOTES |
| Number of cancer specimens: | 21514 |
| Percent of cancer specimens with mutations: | 2.23 |
| General distribution of mutations: | Multi-site |
| Location of most mutations: | Broad distribution of mutation sites with many point mutations, but 1 deletion at C-terminus, no insertions and no complex mutations across the entire protein. |
| Normal role description: | KDR is a receptor-tyrosine kinase that is activated upon binding vascular endothelial growth factor. KDR is an essential regulatory protein of angiogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung, skin, stomach, and mouth tumors. |
| Commentary on involvement of protein in cancer: | Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic haematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative regulator of VEGFA- and VEGFC-mediated lymphangiogenesis by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and/or VEGFC and preventing their binding to FLT4. Modulates FLT1 and FLT4 signaling by forming heterodimers. Binding of vascular growth factors to isoform 1 leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and activation of PTK2/FAK1. Required for VEGFA-mediated induction of NOS2 and NOS3, leading to the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. Phosphorylates PLCG1. Promotes phosphorylation of FYN, NCK1, NOS3, PIK3R1, PTK2/FAK and SRC. |