Cancer Protein Description
This report provides a detailed description of a selected cancer protein with information collected from various sources, including UniProt, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), and the Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.
| Protein Name: | GPC3 |
| Gene Name: | GPC3 |
| Protein Full Name: | Glypican-3 |
| Alias: | GTR2-2;Intestinal protein OCI-5;MXR7 |
| Mass (Da): | 65563 |
| Number AA: | 580 |
| UniProt ID: | P51654 |
| Locus ID: | 2719 |
| COSMIC ID: | GPC3 |
| Gene location on chromosome: | Xq26.1 |
| Cancer protein type: | UNCLEAR |
| Effect of cancer mutation on protein: | UNCLEAR |
| Effect of active protein on cancer: | MIXED |
| Number of cancer specimens: | 20485 |
| Percent of cancer specimens with mutations: | 0.56 |
| Mutations observed as inherited: | Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) |
| Gene undergoes hypermethylation: | Ovarian and Breast Cancer. Promoter is hypermethylated |
| Normal role description: | GPC3 is a heparan sulfate proteglycan attached to the cell surface through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. The cellular function of GPC3 is dubious but is proposed to be involved in regulating growth through interacting with Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). GPC3 interaction with IGF-II appears to promote tumorigenesis while GPC3 expression alone appears to promote apoptosis. Abberant expression of GPC3 has been observed in cancer cells. Increased expression of GPC3 has been observed in hepatocellular carcinoma, Wilm's tumour and colorectal cancers while decreased expression was observed in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. GPC3 is also implicated in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), a X-linked disease characterized by an increased risk of tissue dysplasia and embryonic cancers. GPC3's role in cancer development is enigmatic and may act as either an oncogene or tumour suppressor protein. |